Eugen von Hippel wrote in 1904 "about a very rare disease of the retina" and in 1911 added "the anatomical basis" of that disease, which he named angiomatosis retinae. He studied one extended family, with several generations exhibiting numerous lesions typical of those of von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL).

Dr. von Hippel was honored in his lifetime as a physician, clinician, teacher and researcher. He spent his entire life in service to others.

Eugen von Hippel was the son of another exceptional ophthalmologist, Arthur von Hippel (1841-1917), professor of ophthalmology, founder and head of the University Eye Clinic in Göttingen, later succeeded in that post by his son Eugen. Eugen studied at the best schools -- Giessen, Freiburg, Berlin, Heidelberg, and Göttingen -- and received his doctorate in medicine in 1890.

As a young physician he first worked in pathology under Dr. Arnold at Heidelberg. During this time he studied cadavers with severe infections, which influenced the course of his later research. In 1892 he began to specialize in ophthalmology and became assistant to Dr. Leber. He studied and lectured in ophthalmology and won a prize for his research.

He became fascinated with disorders in formation of the eye, including hydrophthalmus (a form of glaucoma), corectopia (abnormal situation of the pupil), corneal defects, congenital cataracts of various types, and angiomatosis of the retina, which has become known as von Hippel's disease. He not only took great pains to describe these malformations in exquisite detail, but also sought to determine just how they came about, and how they might be tied to damage during embryonic development. His paper on angiomatosis retinae was published in 1895.

From 1909 to 1914 he taught at Halle and published his research in a series of publications dealing with the diagnostic signs and clinical results of these disorders. Later he taught at Göttingen, and produced a series of studies on sympathetic ophthalmia, tuberculosis of the eye, and chorioid membrane sarcoma, and on diseases of the optic nerve. He contributed to a number of textbooks, notably on diseases of the optic nerve, pathological anatomy of the cornea, and malformations of the eye.

In his tribute to Dr. von Hippel, Dr. Baurmann of Karlsruhe admires him for his astounding breadth and richness of creativity. He took an active role in the work of his students, helping them think and talk through the problems they were tackling. "His participation and positive input in each task, and his obvious interest in everything, added a very special element to his clinics. Von Hippel always created an atmosphere in which everyone felt extremely fortunate to be actively participating in the scholarly scientific work of the clinic."

He demanded the best efforts of everyone, physicians, nurses, and all other employees of the clinic. He instilled in everyone the spirit of respect for accomplishment in everything they did. This resulted in a very unusual harmony and positive mutual cooperation which benefited the work of the clinic in very favorable ways. His students went out into practice "equipped not only with a broad knowledge of clinical medicine, but above all with the ability to think critically and scientifically, and all had learned in that clinic how to gain self-confidence."

"To those who met von Hippel briefly, he appeared reserved and withdrawn; but whoever came to him with a real human need, be it as a patient seeking advice from him, as a pupil returning to him, or as a co-worker seeking with him the same goal in a clinical and scientific task, that person would find in Dr. von Hippel a rich helpful attitude and an unlimited and unshakeable confidence."

Prepared with the kind assistance of Dr. Hartmut P. H. Neumann, University Medical Clinic, University of Freiburg, Germany; Dr. Harry H. Wilcox, University of Tennessee, Memphis; and Mr. Richard Wolfe, Countway Library of Medicine, Boston. References: Baurmann from Karlsruhe, Obituary of Dr. von Hippel, Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, 103 (1939) 632-634; H.P.H. Neumann, "The Epidemiology and Prospective Study of the von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome in South Baden," Habilitationsschrift, 214 pages, presentation to the Medical faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, 1988. Translations from the German by Dr. Wilcox. Articles on angiomatosis: Eugen von Hippel, Über eine sehr seltene Erkrankung der Netzhaut. Klinische Beobachtungen, Universitäts-Augenklinik zu Heidelberg, 1904; E. von Hippel, Die anatomische Grundlage der von mir beschriebene "sehr seltenen Erkrankung der Netzhaut," 1911. Portrait: from the collection and with the kind permission of his daughter, Frau Lena Chemin-Petit, Berlin. q

Notes 12/97 JWG:

1. In German, Dr. von Hippel's name is pronounced OY-ghen fon HIP-el

2. von Hippel's disease. While Dr. von Hippel's description was primarily of the eye aspects of what has become known as von Hippel-Lindau, there is no distinct eye condition disassociated from the other aspects of VHL. Even von Hippel's own patients had some additional tumors in other parts of the body, which were noted then as anomalies (after all, he was an ophthalmologist), but these anomalies were clarified by Lindau to be an integral part of the total disease. Each individual will have his or her own combination of one or more aspects of VHL, but must be considered to be at risk for all potential aspects. It is of critical importance that all people with hemangiomas in the eye be screened for other aspects of VHL.

as published in June 1993, VHLFF 1:2